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In
a broad sense, this work is about the nature of human language. In a
narrower sense, it is about one aspect of human language, which is
important for understanding human language as a whole. This aspect we
shall call general pragmatics.
The
subject of ‘pragmatics’ is very familiar in linguistics today. Many
years ago it was mentioned by linguists rarely. Now we cannot really
understand the nature of language itself unless we understand
pragmatics: how language is used in communication.
To the
generation, which followed Bloomfield, linguistics meant phonetics,
phonemics, and if one was daring – morphophonemics; but syntax was
considered so abstract as to be virtually beyond the horizon of
discovery. All these changed after Chomsky, in the later 1950s,
discovered the centrality of syntax. Lakoff, with others, was soon
arguing that syntax could not be legitimately separated from the study
of language use. So pragmatics was henceforth on the linguistic map. We
should not overlook independent thinkers such as Firth, with his early
emphasis on the situational study of meaning, and Halliday, with his
comprehensive social theory of language. And equally important, we
should not overlook the influences of philosophy. The more lasting
influence on modern pragmatics have been those of philosophers; notably
Austin, Searle, and Grice.
The
widening scope of linguistics involved a change in the view of what
language is, and how linguists should define its subject.
Cодержание основной
части работы:
|
INTRODUCTION |
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Chapter I. ETIQUETTE |
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WHY STUDY SPEECH ACTS |
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RPAGMATICS, SPEECH
ACTS, AND COMMUNICATION |
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SOCIOPRAGMATICS:
SITUATIONAL VARIABLES |
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CULTURE SPECIFICITY OR
SPEECH ACT BEHAVIOUR |
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CONTRASTIVE PRAGMATICS |
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INTERLANGUAGE
PRAGMATICS |
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COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE
OF GRICE |
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VARIATIES OF
ILLOCUTIONARY FUNCTION |
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POLITENESS PRINCIPLE |
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BROWN AND LEVINSON’S
CONCEPT |
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CONCLUSION |
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Chapter II. APOLOGIZING |
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THE SPEECH ACT OF
APOLOGIZING |
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CROSS-CULTURAL SPEECH
ACT REALIZATION PROJECT (CCSARP) |
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STUDYING APOLOGIES: AN
INQUIRY INTO METHODS |
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INVESTIGATION |
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Method |
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The Model: |
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The Data Analysis and
Results |
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IFID |
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Explanation or account
of the situation |
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Taking on
responsibility: |
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Offer of Repair: |
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CONCLUSION |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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APPENDIX |
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